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Let These Mind- Blowing Galaxy Simulations Melt Your Face Off. Everyone knows the cure for existential ennui is the Three P’s: Pint (of ice cream), Pink Floyd, and Pretty space pictures. While we can’t provide you with ice cream or a psychedelic experience, we can offer you some truly sublime galaxy simulations that are sure to fill the void inside you—for now. A study featured in this month’s Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society includes 3. Milky Way, highlighting phenomena like the growth of black holes, the birth of new stars, supernova explosions, and more. The massive simulations took months to create, as the researchers had to run their code for an advanced physical model of galactic dynamics using German supercomputer systems like Hornet and Super. MUC.“Astronomers will now be able to use our work to access a wealth of information, such as the properties of the satellite galaxies and the very old stars found in the halo that surrounds the galaxy,” Dr. Robert Grand, lead author on the study, said in a statement. In addition to providing incredible insights into our galaxy and others like it, these images are spectacular just to gaze upon in wonderment: Makes you feel lucky to live in this freaky space thing: This image of magnetic field lines permeating interstellar space looks like a Van Gogh painting: And this one represents the density of gas in the Milky Way about 2. Big Bang. It looks like cosmic cotton candy: Feeling better? If not, give these another glance with some ice cream and Dark Side of the Moon. Mountain Dew Diet Supernova Soda, 12 oz, 12pk. Long live Diet Mountain Dew Supernova. Diet: No Special Diet. Report Abuse. Inappropriate; Unrelated; Duplicate;. Mountain Dew Supernova Soda. Everyone knows the cure for existential ennui is the Three P’s: Pint (of ice cream), Pink Floyd, and Pretty space pictures. While we can’t provide you with ice. And there’s also the fact that Ashley Madison created a small army of bots to trick its users and inflate its numbers prior to the hack. In 2015, a Gizmodo analysis. The database recognizes 1,746,000 software titles and delivers updates for your software including minor upgrades. The Iron Age is divided into two subsections, Iron I and. Iron II. Judah's freedom was short- lived, however, and. Chaldean kings who conquered Jerusalem and. Babylon. During the period of. Babylon, the area, particularly from Jerusalem south, shows a. In Iron II, the following sites adequately. Gibeon, Beth Shemesh, Tell es- Sa'idiyeh, Sarepta and to. Beth Shan. Around 1. Ramesis III defeated the Sea. People in a land and sea battle at the borders of Egypt (ANEP., 3. Since the. 1. 92. Beth Shan and elsewhere in Eretz Israel. This pottery tradition has close. Cyprus as well as other islands in the eastern Mediterranean. 25 facts about the Great Pyramid of Giza The Great Pyramid a true masterpiece and has rightly earned the title of a “Wonder”. It was built with such precision.
Sea People may have originated from the eastern. Mediterranean rather than Crete (Amos 9: 7 and Jeremiah 4. Cremation. burial, which can be cited from Anatolia and the Aegean, occurred in the. Later some of the Philistine city states exercised. Phys.org provides the latest news on archaeology, fossils, archaeological sciences and archaeological technology. Late Paleolithic. The Late Paleolithic in Egypt started around 30,000 BC. The Nazlet Khater skeleton was found in 1980 and dated in 1982 from nine samples ranging. Egyptian Sense of Humor. The Last Supper, An Egyptian Short Story. In reading several books regarding Egyptian travel, this author was surprised to see the Egyptian. An Introduction to the History and Culture of Pharaonic Egypt: Apologia and bibliography. Culture in the 6th millennium. There was a long period of abandonment in the 7th millennium and then a final abandonment c 5800 BC. The site depicted a transition. Set this page as your start page for news updates as soon as. Jacob. There appear to be numerous such sites particularly but not. Jerusalem in the tribal inheritance of Ephraim and. Manasseh; in fact, there is a definite growth in settled population all. Iron I. Kings and Chronicles), whereas others may be. Prophetic material). Modern historians using current. Jacob. They established a number of Punic colonies in North Africa. Spain, France, Italy and the Aegean islands. The Timna copper mines continue to be controlled until. Ramesis VI. In summary, it seems at least plausible to suggest that Egypt. Beth Shan. I Kings. Egyptian Pharaoh destroyed Gezer. In the hill. country, which was sparsely populated in the. Bronze Age, most newly established villages (Kibbutz Sasa, Ai, Raddana. Bethel, Tell Beit Mirsim, Arad, Tell Malhata, Tell Masos) were unfortified. Iron I. Albright and. Saul (I Sam. 1. 1: 4; 1. The Lachish gate may date to the tenth century if. Stratum IV falls in this period, though other. The entrances become more complex: large towers at the main. Tell Dan) and perhaps even an inner gate (Tel Dan and. Lachish). The gate at Dan is probably one. In gates dating more towards the end of Iron II, the. Lachish, Megiddo, Dor, Tell. Nasbeh) or even none (Tell el- Farah N, Lachish St. Large towers. may also be constructed by the gate and the access to the city becomes. Tell en- Nasbeh). Probably the most interesting of. Arad, shows continuous occupation and modification in design. Iron II. Numerous other unfortified villages were built on. Late Bronze Age or even in any. Izbet Sartah, Ai, Mt. Ebal, Tirzah. The pillars in a courtyard. A complete block of houses. Some of these activities appear to be local. Tell es- Sa'idiyeh), although others seem to be truly. Sarepta's kilns, Gibeon's winery). VIII), Jerusalem and Megiddo. Just inside. the entrance gate there appears to be a square with public buildings. Eba, a bamah, dated to the thirteenth- twelfth century, had. It may be useful to compare the structure and. Late Bronze shrine at Tell Mevorakh and the Fosse Temples. Lachish. In the ninth. Megiddo, Hazor, Beer- . Gibeon and Gezer. This type of burial style continues into Iron II (2. Tell el- Farah (S) and Zeror Cist Tombs), though in both. Zeror Cist Tomb. 1). The earliest form of cremation burial. Azor) occurs almost exclusively in the coastal region of. Palestine. Shapes of Bronze Age vessels continue into. Iron I, yet gradually the pots become less slender and more globular in. Iron II. The earliest examples from the twelfth century. The handles also move further up the neck towards the rim by late. Iron II. XII, Beth Shan. St. The blade is fasten into a slot in the handle. Albright suggested that they were earrings, though there is. TBM III. This. becomes the preferred fastener of the first millennium. The. female figurines vary in type, although the most common are those with. The pillared. figurines are generally composed of two pieces, a head molded in a bronze. Clay masks occur from. Late Bronze (see Hazor and Beth Shan) into the Persian period (Dor). The second. fascinating vessel, again from the Temple area, was a zoomorphic . Most parallels date. Late Bronze Age and Iron I (see Tell Qasile), though a few burners with. Tanaach) may be placed. Deut. Usually. the stone is inscribed with the hieratic symbol for weight followed. Phoenician script. Fewer. vessels appear to be imports, and most locally manufactured vessels are. Iron I faience vessels vary little from forms of the Late Bronze II. Depictions of hunts, animal combat. An ivory fragment from. Sarepta is one of the few examples of Phoenician ivories found in. Phoenicia proper. For example, an Egyptian style head with the crown. Upper and Lower Egypt is found on a Mesopotamian griffin. Other. forms have an Egyptian feel to them (e. Egyptian pieces. Catalogue of the Nimrud Ivories with. Other Examples of Ancient Near Eastern. Ivories in the British Museum. London, 1. 95. 7. Samaria- Sebaste II. The Lachish ostraca date to the last days of the Judaean kingdom. London, 1. 93. 8. The Megiddo Ivories. Chicago, 1. 93. 9. The seals. are of three types: winged sun- disk, a four- winged scarab (naturalistic. Cattle, which require more pasture land and demand abundant water. Generally the bones from all three came. Bibliography. Apologia. This site is being written and developed for my own Boeotian diversion and enjoyment. In my pursuit of happiness I may have infringed copyrights, but I did so without malice or intention to defraud or cause damage. There ought to be a credit accompanying every picture, if there isn't it is the result of an oversight or of my having lost the source. Maps and line drawings are mostly of my own making. Therefore. Should you object to my using your creation, please send me an email and I'll remove it. It would be nice if a reference were made to me as the author, but I'll not insist on it. Just don't claim to have written it yourself . But erring being human, mistakes must have crept in, and I'd be very grateful to anybody who could point them out to me.). I do not take upon myself any responsibility for the off- site links, over which I have no control as to their availability or their content. They are just suggestions for further reading. Leiden (CNWS) 1. 99. Shafik, 2. 00. 4, Une classe ouvri. Chicago. Altman, Amnon ; 1. The Revolutions in Byblos and Amurru during the Amarna Period and their Social Background, from Artzi, Pinhas ed. Bar Ilan Studies in History, 1. Bar- Ilan University Press, Ramat Gan. Applebaum, S.; 1. The Jewish Community of Hellenistic and Roman Teucheira in Cyrenaica, in Studies in History Volume VII, Magnes Press, Hebrew University, Jerusalem, 1. Arnold, Dieter ; 1. Building in Egypt; Pharaonic Stone Masonry, New York and Oxford, 1. Arpe, Verner ; 1. Knaurs Schauspielf. Bar Ilan Studies in History, 1. Bar- Ilan University Press, Ramat Gan. Ashton, Sally- Ann ; 2. Cleopatra - the Last Pharaoh. Redford Festschrift, Penn State University. Assmann, Jan ; 2. Gerechtigkeit, Verg. Between Heaven and Earth. Birds in Ancient Egypt, Oriental Institute Museum Publications 3. Baines, John; Malek Jaromir ; 1. Cultural Atlas of Ancient Egypt Baines, John ; 1. Defining social complexity in early Egypt: levels of patterning in the evidence, Symposium on the emergence of social complexity and its evidence in archaeological record, World Archaeological Congress, Cape Town. Baines, John ; 2. Egyptian Letters of the New Kingdom as Evidence for Religious Practice, Journal of Ancient Near Eastern Religions 1: 1- 3. Ballard, Robert D.; Stager, Lawrence E.; Master, Daniel; Yoerger, Dana; Mindell, Whitcomb, Louis L.; David; Singh, Hanumant; Piechota, Dennis; 2. Iron Age Shipwrecks in Deep Water off Ashkelon, Israel, American Journal of Archaeology, Volume 1. April 2. 00. 2, Kathryn A.; Shubert, Steven Blake ; 1. Encyclopedia of the Archeology of Ancient Egypt, Routledge, H. A re- evalualation of historical and archaeological data. Proceedings of the Red Sea Project II, held in the British Museum, October 2. June 1. 90. 7, pp. Ben- Tor, Daphna, 1. The Immortals of Ancient Egypt, The Israel Museum, Jerusalem. Bergman, Jan ; 1. Isis auf der Sau, Acta Universitatis Upsaliensis Boreas #6, Uppsala, John W. Redford Festschrift, Penn State University. Birch, S. I to XII, S. Bagster and Son, London. Birkstam, Bengt ; 1. Given Life like Re Eternally - A Royal Epitheton, Acta Universitatis Upsaliensis Boreas #6, Uppsala, Gun ; 1. A Funerary Statuette of Hekaemsaf, Chief of the Royal Ships in the Saitic Period, Uppsala. Blench, Roger, The History and Spread of Donkeys in Africa, Overseas Development Institute, London. Borchardt, Ludwig ; 1. Die Geschichte der Zeitmessung und der Uhren - Band I, Lieferung B, Alt. Wallis ; 1. 90. 1, Egyptian Magic, Kegan, Paul, Trench and Tr. Sheep/Goats at the Old Kingdom Site of Kom el- Hisn, Paper presented at the 5. Annual Meeting of the American Research Center in Egypt, Baltimore, Maryland. Casson, Lionel ; 1. Ancient Egypt, Time- Life Books. Castillos, Juan Jos. Caulfeild A. St. G., Petrie W. M. F. 1. 90. 2 The Temple of the Kings at Abydos reprinted by Histories and Mysteries of Man LTD, London, 1. Cavillier, G. IChimko, Corey J.; 2. Foreign Pharaohs: Self- legitimization and Indigenous Reaction in Art and Literature, JSSEA 3. Cohen, Raymond; Westbrook, Raymond ed. Tenerife - Septiembre 2. D. 2 Dormion, Gilles; Verd'hurt Jean- Yves ; 2. The pyramid of Meidum, architectural study of the inner arrangement, World Congress of Egyptology, Cairo, April 2. Dunham, D.; 1. 93. Amulets of the Late Period, BMFA . June 1. 93. 0, pp. Eady, Dorothy L. Coates & Co., Philadelphia. Edwards, I. E. S. Ltd., London, 1. 90. Erman, Adolf ; 1. Gespr. 6. 2, April 1. Fitzenreiter, Martin ; 1. Statue und Kult - Eine Studie der funer. No. 2 April 2. 00. Graefe, Erhart ; 2. The Royal Cache and the Tomb robberies, lecture held at the colloquium . Grapow, Hermann ; 1. Religi. Hinrich'ssche Buchhandlung, Leipzig. Grey, M. J.; Yost, T. J. Charles Scribner's Sons, New York. Heinzel, Hermann ; Fitter, Richard; Parslow, John ; 1. The Birds of Britain and Europe, Collins. Henry, John, F. Redford Festschrift, Penn State University. Holland, Thomas A. Description de l'Egypte ou Recueil des observations et des recherches qui ont . Judd, Margaret A. La'da, Csaba A. Gustave ; 1. Le Tombeau de Petosiris, Le Caire: L'institut Fran. Leonard, Jonathan Norton , 1. The First Farmers Time/Life International, Ronald J. Redford Festschrift, Penn State University. Lepsius, Richard ; 1. Grundplan eines Grabes K. Abhandl., 1. 85. 6, S. Taf. 1 to 3, University of California Press. Lipschits, Oded ; 2. C.; 1. 92. 2, Loom Weights in Egypt, Ancient Egypt, 1. Donald ; 1. 90. 7, Egyptian Myth and Legend, Gresham Publishing Co., London et al.; 1. Documenting the Diet in Ancient Human Populations through Stable Isotope Analysis of Hair , The Royal Society: Philosophical Transactions: Biological Sciences, Vol. January 2. 9, 1. 99. Peter der, ed. 6, no. March 1. 98. 6, pp. Marx, Myron; D'Auria, Sue H.; 1. Maspero, Gaston ; 1. L'Arch. A. Quantin, Paris. Maspero, Gaston, ed. Tel Aviv. Morkot, Robert ; 2. On the Priestly Origin of the Napatan Kings. Jahrtausends v. Chr., IBAES 5, Humboldt Universit. Zur Sanktionierung abweichenden Verhaltens im alten . Br., 2. 00. 4. Panagiotakopulu, Eva ; 2. Pharaonic Egypt and the origins of the plague, Journal of Biogeography (2. Peterson, Bengt ; 1. Der Traum vom Paradiese: Gedanken zu einigen Grabreliefs aus Oxyrhynchos, Acta Universitatis Upsaliensis Boreas #6, Uppsala, W. Flinders ; 1. 88. The Pyramids and Temples of Gizeh. Petrie, W. Flinders ; 1. Naukratis, London. Petrie, W. Flinders ; 1. Kahun, Gurob, and Hawara, Kegan Paul, Trench, Tr. Flinders ; 1. 89. Illahun, Kahun and Gurob, Kegan Paul, Trench, Tr. Flinders ; 1. 89. A History of Egypt ; Vol. I; republished by Histories and Mysteries of Man LTD., London, 1. Petrie, W. Flinders ; 1. A History of Egypt ; Vol. II; republished by Histories and Mysteries of Man LTD., London, 1. Petrie, W. Flinders editor, 1. Egyptian Tales, Benjamin Blom, New York. Petrie, W. Flinders ; 1. A History of Egypt ; Vol. III; republished by Histories and Mysteries of Man LTD., London, 1. Petrie, W. Flinders, Duncan Garrow J. Flinders ; 1. 90. Gizeh and Rifeh, Bernard Quaritch, London. Petrie, W. Flinders ; 1. Tarkhan I and Memphis V, Bernard Quaritch, London. Petrie, W. Flinders ; 1. Prehistoric Egypt, University College, Gower Street, W. C. London, Karl M. Ancient and modern perspectives on craft workers in Egypt. James B. John Bostock, H. T. Riley; 1. 85. 5, The Natural History. London. Plutarch; transl. Frank Cole Babbitt ; 1. Isis and Osiris, Loeb Classical Library Prag, A. J. N. W. 1. 75. 6 - 1. George A. 5. 0, April 1. Reisner, George A. December 1. 92. 9, pp. Reisner, George A. October 1. 92. 8, pp. Reisner, George A. August 1. 93. 2, pp. Reisner, George A. December 1. 93. 6, pp. Reisner, George A. April 1. 93. 9, pp. Revillout Eug. 4. Richards, Janet E. LXVIII 1. 97. 0 No. Romero, Susana; 2. La teolog. Ling ; 1. Ancient Egyptian and Greek Looms, Bankfield Museum Notes, Second series - No. Halifax. Roth, H. Ling, Crowfoot, G. Brian; 1. 99. 7, Ancient Civilizations, Longman. Scheidel, Walter ; 2. Death on the Nile: Disease and the Demography of Roman Egypt, Brill Academic Publishers 2. Schott, Siegfried ; 1. B. Dynastie Band I, J. Hinrich, Leipzig. Sethe, Kurt ; 1. 91. Von Zahlen und Zahlworten bei den alten . Shubert, Steven Blake ; 2. Redford Festschrift, Penn State University, G. Elliot ; 1. 91. 2, Catalogue g. The Princes of Seyala in Lower Nubia in the predynastic and protodynastic period, pp 3. Smith, L. M. V.; Bourriau, J. D.; and Serpico, M. Summer 1. 95. 8, pp. Smith, William S. Winter 1. 95. 5, pp. Sparks, Rachael ; 2. The Contribution of Luxury Stone Vessels to an Understanding of Relations Between Egypt and the Near East during the Bronze Age: diplomatic gifts, dowries, rewards and booty. Analyse juridique du rapport d'Ounamon. Stein, Werner ; 1. Der grosse Kulturfahrplan, Herbig, Munich - Berlin. Strabo Erdbeschreibung Siebenzehntes Buch in drei Abschnitten, Erster Abschnitt. Aegypten. Strauss, Hans ; 2. Motiv und Strukturen von Umkehrungsspr. The towns and cities of ancient Egypt, . Am Israel (The People of Israel), Massada. Verhoeven, Ursula: . Wagner (ed.) Bote und Brief - Sprachliche Systeme der Informations. NWS 4, Frankfurt/M. Verhogt, A. M. F. W. 1. 18- 1. 29. Warmenbol, Eug. A maecenas and two Belgian painters in Egypt (1. August 1. 93. 1 ; 2. The Complete Gods and Goddesses of Ancient Egypt, Thames & Hudson, London. Winlock, H. 1. 99. Vom Ackerbau zum Zahnrad, rororo Taschenbuch Ausgabe 1. Hatanakh: Shmot , Divrei Hayamim Publishing house, Tel Aviv 2. Internet Databases and Archives Paper presented at the international conference Encounters with Ancient Egypt, UCL Institute of Archaeology on 1. December 2. 00. 0. Searchable text. When I remember any of those I've left out, I'll add them. BMFA (JMFA): Bulletin (Journal) of the Museum of Fine Arts, Boston (The Giza Archives Project)It has come to my attention that people have copied whole pages of the texts I have written and republished them under their own name with slight alterations. I don't mind the copying, nor the republishing. What I object to is their taking credit for somebody else's work. Plagiarism is definitely not cricket. How Fast Can You Lose Weight on a Liquid- Only Diet? Liquid- only diets are aggressive weight loss plans appropriate for when you have a lot of weight to lose, and haven't had success using traditional weight loss strategies. For a limited period of time, you get all of your calories in the form of shakes, soups and other liquid- based meals. Healthy Diet To Lose Weight Gradually VariedWhat is the Mediterranean Diet? The Mediterranean diet is not a “diet” per se. It is a mix of the traditional eating habits of people living in Spain, Italy. Lose weight healthily with a Prayer Diet. Recite this prayer each morning to help you lose weight. Healthy Eating Simple Ways to Plan, Enjoy, and Stick to a Healthy Diet. Healthy eating is not about strict dietary limitations, staying unrealistically thin, or. This is it, folks. This is the first, last and only weight loss article you will EVER need to read. Only, this is much more than an article. This, my friends, is a guide. 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Advocare Spark contains not only caffeine, which is the same powerful substance found in coffee as well as most energy drinks, but in addition to that, also contains beet root powder, which can help to enhance the levels of muscular endurance in the body, as well as GABA, which can help to reduce levels of anxiety and promote relaxation, thus improving mental performance. Note however, it’s not going to relax the body the point where you are unable to perform physical feats. Advocare Thermoplus Overview. If you exercise regularly and eat a healthy diet, you will lose weight, right? Theoretically, this is true. But what often happens is we. Way back when I wrote my review of Herbalife, I had no idea it would garner the attention that it did. After Herbalife I reviewed Isagenix because I received so many. You’ll only be relaxed mentally, which is what will help enable you to stay focused in on whatever task you are trying to complete. As such, you’ll find that with Advocare Spark, you get not only that physical boost that you’d get from any energy drink, but you also are impacted positively on a psychological basis as well. Using Advocare Spark when you have an important meeting or presentation coming up then can be an excellent way to promote superior performance. The caffeine content in Advocare Spark is relatively moderate as well at 1. Compare this to standard types of caffeine drinks, which come in at 2. This gives you sufficient caffeine to achieve noticeable energy, but not so much that it may interfere with sleep or cause large withdrawal symptoms on days that you do not take it. Just do be sure, as with any caffeine- containing substance that you aim to take it in at least six hours prior to bedtime. Any amount of caffeine can interfere with sleep if taken too close to bedtime because the half life of caffeine is around six hours. If you can use your Advocare Spark in the morning, that will be your best bet for optimal sleep at night. Energy Without The Sugar Another great benefit of the Advocare Spark product is that it’s sugar free. Most energy drinks and even coffee beverages depending on how you take yours cannot say the same. Sugar is one of the leading causes of weight gain in today’s society, so it’s critical that you are doing all that you can to prevent that. Instead, Advocare is sweetened with Sucralose, which is one of the safer and more well- tolerated sweeteners out there. This also ensures that the energy you get from Advocare Spark lasts longer. With the conventional energy drink, you’ll get an immediate boost to your energy level with the caffeine coupled with sugar, but shortly after that, you’ll crash as the sugar high wears off. Since Advocare Spark contains no sugar, you won’t get that sugar crash, thus only get the slow decline to your energy level that comes as the caffeine wears off. Health- Boosting Vitamins and Minerals Another unique thing about Advocare Spark that sets it apart from many of the other energy drinks on the market is that it also contains 2. These vitamins and minerals are designed to also help improve your natural energy levels while also helping to ensure that you don’t run deficient in any of these key nutrients due to the increased intake of caffeine. As caffeine can be a dehydrating substance, it may flush out some of the vitamins that are water soluble in the body, thus providing a little extra from the Advocare Spark ensures that you don’t fall short. In addition to that, you’ll also get a good intake of L- Tyrosine as well as Taurine, both of which can help to increase the natural mental focus and drive, giving you some extra motivation for any physical activities you may be aiming to perform. You’ll also get a small dose of L- Carnitine as well, which is further shown to help increase levels of endurance in the muscle tissues and may also help to accelerate the total rate of fat burning as well. L- Carnitine can speed up the release of fatty acids from within the fat cell, which then become available for use as a fuel source as you continue your exercise session. Delicious Flavoring Options Finally, one last big benefit of the Advocare Spark drink is that it comes in a number of great tasting flavors, so this is one energy drink that you’ll look forward to drinking time and time again. It also doesn’t have a sickly sweet taste to it like some energy boosters do, thus the chances that you grow sick of it shortly after starting it also are low. The flavors you can find Advocare Spark energy drink in are: Advocare Blue Raspberry Spark – The Newest SPARK Flavor to be released. Enhances mental energy and focus. Advocare Cherry Spark – Brand new & reformulated. This isn’t a significant enough number to make any dent to your diet plan, however it is good to know that you are taking in a small dose of calories from it. So there you have the main benefits you’ll reap by using Advocare Spark. Hopefully now you can see why this is one energy boosting beverage you won’t want to miss out on. Hearing - Wikipedia. Schematic diagram of the human ear. Hearing, or auditory perception, is the ability to perceive sound by detecting vibrations. Like touch, audition requires sensitivity to the movement of molecules in the world outside the organism.
Aetna/pronet: inclusive health (state option only) atlantic integrated health: medcost: blue cross blue shield: medicaid/carolina access: champ va: medicare. Hearing, or auditory perception, is the ability to perceive sound by detecting vibrations, changes in the pressure of the surrounding medium through time, through an. Both hearing and touch are types of mechanosensation. The pinna serves to focus sound waves through the ear canal toward the eardrum. Because of the asymmetrical character of the outer ear of most mammals, sound is filtered differently on its way into the ear depending on what vertical location it is coming from. This gives these animals the ability to localize sound vertically. The eardrum is an airtight membrane, and when sound waves arrive there, they cause it to vibrate following the waveform of the sound. Middle ear. Within this chamber are the three smallest bones in the body, known collectively as the ossicles which include the malleus, incus and stapes (sometimes referred to colloquially as the hammer, anvil and stirrup respectively). They aid in the transmission of the vibrations from the eardrum to the inner ear. The purpose of the middle ear ossicles is to overcome the impedance mismatch between air and water, by providing impedance matching. Also located in the middle ear are the stapedius and tensor tympani muscles which protect the hearing mechanism through a stiffening reflex. The stapes transmits sound waves to the inner ear through the oval window, a flexible membrane separating the air- filled middle ear from the fluid- filled inner ear. The round window, another flexible membrane, allows for the smooth displacement of the inner ear fluid caused by the entering sound waves. Inner ear. It is divided lengthwise by the organ of Corti, which is the main organ of mechanical to neural transduction. Inside the organ of Corti is the basilar membrane, a structure that vibrates when waves from the middle ear propagate through the cochlear fluid – endolymph. The basilar membrane is tonotopic, so that each frequency has a characteristic place of resonance along it. Characteristic frequencies are high at the basal entrance to the cochlea, and low at the apex. Basilar membrane motion causes depolarization of the hair cells, specialized auditory receptors located within the organ of Corti. In this way, the patterns of oscillations on the basilar membrane are converted to spatiotemporal patterns of firings which transmit information about the sound to the brainstem. From there, the signals are projected to the inferior colliculus in the midbraintectum. The inferior colliculus integrates auditory input with limited input from other parts of the brain and is involved in subconscious reflexes such as the auditory startle response. The inferior colliculus in turn projects to the medial geniculate nucleus, a part of the thalamus where sound information is relayed to the primary auditory cortex in the temporal lobe. Sound is believed to first become consciously experienced at the primary auditory cortex. Around the primary auditory cortex lies Wernickes area, a cortical area involved in interpreting sounds that is necessary to understand spoken words. Disturbances (such as stroke or trauma) at any of these levels can cause hearing problems, especially if the disturbance is bilateral. In some instances it can also lead to auditory hallucinations or more complex difficulties in perceiving sound. Hearing tests. Electrophysiological tests of hearing can provide accurate measurements of hearing thresholds even in unconscious subjects. Such tests include auditory brainstem evoked potentials (ABR), otoacoustic emissions (OAE) and electrocochleography (ECoch. G). Technical advances in these tests have allowed hearing screening for infants to become widespread. Defense mechanism. For example, the muscles of the middle ear (e. The most quiet sounds that people with mild hearing loss can hear with their better ear are between 2. B HL. Moderate hearing loss - People with moderate hearing loss have difficulty keeping up with conversations when they are not using a hearing aid. On average, the most quiet sounds heard by people with moderate hearing loss with their better ear are between 4. B HL. Severe hearing loss - People with severe hearing loss depend on powerful hearing aid. However, they often rely on lip- reading even when they are using hearing aids. The most quiet sounds heard by people with severe hearing loss with their better ear are between 7. B HL. Profound hearing loss - People with profound hearing loss are very hard of hearing and they mostly rely on lip- reading and sign language. The most quiet sounds heard by people with profound hearing loss with their better ear are from 9. B HL or more. Heredity. Congenital conditions. Presbycusis. Acquired. Noise- induced hearing loss. Ototoxic drugs and chemicals. Infection. Prevention. The various means used to prevent hearing loss generally focus on reducing the levels of noise to which people are exposed. One way this is done is through environmental modifications such as acoustic quieting, which may be achieved with as basic a measure as lining a room with curtains, or as complex a measure as employing an anechoic chamber, which absorbs nearly all sound. Another means is the use of devices such as earplugs, which are inserted into the ear canal to block noise, or earmuffs, objects designed to cover a person's ears entirely. Management. This technological development has led to the benefit of improving the sense of hearing of a person, but the usage of these devices is significantly low. Psychologically, the first time that a person realizes that he/she needs help from a professional such as an audiologist is when they feel that their hearing is severely poor. Initially, people don't like to believe that they are becoming deaf; hence it negatively affects their approach towards the use of hearing aids. Familiarity with the devices and consultation with professionals do help people feel good about using the hearing aids. Underwater hearing is by bone conduction, and localization of sound appears to depend on differences in amplitude detected by bone conduction. Each species has a range of normal hearing for both amplitude and frequency. Many animals use sound to communicate with each other, and hearing in these species is particularly important for survival and reproduction. In species that use sound as a primary means of communication, hearing is typically most acute for the range of pitches produced in calls and speech. Frequency range. The range is typically considered to be between 2. Hz and 2. 0,0. 00 Hz. Some bats use ultrasound for echolocation while in flight. Dogs are able to hear ultrasound, which is the principle of 'silent' dog whistles. Snakes sense infrasound through their jaws, and baleen whales, giraffes, dolphins and elephants use it for communication. Some fish have the ability to hear more sensitively due to a well- developed, bony connection between the ear and their swim bladder. Some insects have hearing organs as well (e. Due to the resonance phenomenon certain hairs swing stronger when exposed to a specific sonar- frequency. This specificity depends on the stiffness and the length of the hairs. That is why certain caterpillar species have evolved hair that would resonate with the sound of buzzing wasps, thus warning them of the presence of natural enemies. Moreover, mosquitoes have hair on their antennae that resonate with the flying sound of homogeneous females, enabling the males the ability to detect potential sexual partners. Some insects possess a tympanal organ. Similar to the hearing process with vertebrates, the eardrums react to sonar waves. Receptors that are placed on the inside translate the oscillation into electric signals and send them to the brain. Several groups of flying insects that are preyed upon by echolocatingbats can perceive the ultrasound emissions this way and reflexively practice ultrasound avoidance. Mathematics. Thus the ear performs a sort of frequency analysis, roughly similar to a Fourier transform. Auditory Neuroscience. ISBN 0- 2. 62- 1. X. 4. 36 (7. 05. 1): 6. PMID 1. 60. 79. 83. PMC 3. 41. 82. 21 . PMID 2. 20. 45. 00. In Charles Linsmeiser. Worth Publishers. ISBN 9. 78- 1- 4. Healy; Robert W. Handbook of Psychology: Experimental psychology. John Wiley and Sons. ISBN 9. 78- 0- 4. PMID 9. 61. 66. 96. Trends in Amplification. ISSN 1. 08. 4- 7. PMC 4. 11. 14. 66 . PMID 2. 11. 09. 54. Otology & Neurotology. The Physics Factbook. ISSN 0. 02. 8- 0. The psychology of music. Gulf Professional Publishing. ISBN 9. 78- 0- 1. Retrieved 2. 4 May 2. The evolution of communication. ISBN 9. 78- 0- 2. Retrieved 2. 4 May 2. Legal Shield Reviews - Legit or Scam? Legal Shield (www. My. Legal. Shield. Pre. Paid Legal, which is an innovative type of legal insurance company. The concept behind Legal Shield was formulated when the founder had a terrible car accident in 1. He realized he had car insurance and medical insurance, but no form of insurance to cover the large legal bills he incurred as a result of the accident. In response to this incident, he created a legal services company that acts similar to any other insurance. Members pay monthly fees for a package that has a variety of coverage, and if something should happen while they are covered, they will not only have representation but many fees will be prepaid, hence Pre. Paid Legal. What Kind of Coverage Is Offered? The most popular plan offered by Legal Shield is the family plan, which costs $2. IRS audit assistance. This package also includes preventative legal assistance, which covers things like creating a will and updating it yearly, as well as a 2. Legal Shield also offers packages that handle identity theft, which is one of the fastest growing areas where average citizens require representation. Legal Shield as a Business Opportunity. Much like car insurance, Legal Shield is sold by independent representatives with a network marketing compensation plan. To become a Legal Shield independent representative costs a one time fee of $2. Commissions are paid in yearly advances to their associates, and associates have the ability to build residual income if they are able to retain clients who maintain memberships longer than one year. But while there is excellent opportunity for independent earning with Legal Shield, being an independent representative for any company is hard work. Legal Shield does its best to give their representatives leads on new customers who have shown interest in their services, but it is still the responsibility of the associate to find and sign up new members and to ensure that they are satisfied enough with their service that they remain active clients. Yogi Detox Review - Can You Detox & Cleanse Away the Pounds? You want to lose weight, and you’re tired of trying one useless thing after another. Looking at some diet products can be painful, especially if there’s no scientific backing for the formula. Let’s find out if Yogi Detox Tea is in this group. We decided to pay a lot of attention to ingredients, side effects, and scientific research. We studied hundreds of comments and reviews. Then, we put it all out there, so you have the info you need. Yogi Detox Tea Readers: Click here to find out why we're giving away samples of our product, Dietspotlight Burn. What is Yogi Detox Tea? First, Yogi Detox tea is made with a “healthy cleansing formula” containing Indian sarsaparilla, cinnamon bark, ginger, licorice, burdock, dandelion, cardamom seed, clove bud, black pepper, long pepper berry, Chinese amur cork tree bark, Japanese honeysuckle flower, forsythia fruit, gardenia fruit, Chinese goldenthread, rhubarb, winter melon seed and juniper berry extract. Brew the bag for 5- 1. Yogi says you can do this up to 1. An introduction to fruitarianism and the fruitarian diet, also known as 80/10/10. Exercise, diet and medical information for men and women from MSN Health India. Stay fit with yoga, weight loss tips, workouts and diet tracker. The Blood Sugar Solution 10-Day Detox Diet: Activate Your Body's Natural Ability to Burn Fat and Lose Weight Fast . It’s made with natural ingredients; something that’s important to us and many customers. Dieters can purchase the product on the official website and through some offline and online shops. We like that we found some positive customer comments and that the company has been around for decades, but keep reading. By the next evening I had cramps,” commented a user.“It gave me a bellyache when used according with package directions,” said a customer who tried Yogi Detox tea for weight loss. Side effects weren’t a problem for everyone who chose Yogi Detox tea for weight- loss. As one user said, “No bloating or cramping and works.”Another offered, “I notice no negative side effects.”Scroll below for one of the best products we’ve seen over the last year. Taste – “Ummmm, No”Yogi Detox tea has an obligation to taste good. I won’t buy it again,” reported a customer.“This was the baddest smelling, tasting . One person who tried out Yogi Detox said, “I enjoy the flavor. I do not sweeten it when i drink it.”Another even claimed, “It didn’t taste bad, but wasn’t exactly yummy.”Our experience and research show us something small, like bad taste, can ruin your chances of long- term success. If Yogi Detox tastes off, we doubt dieters continue to use it. The Science – “The Geeks Have Spoken”The official Yogi Detox website makes the case that the supplement is effective, but they don’t offer published research to support that. There are studies related to key ingredients, but the information doesn’t speak of weight- loss. According to the Journal of Alternative and Complementary Medicine, “. We reviewed the Yogi Detox ingredients so you could get the facts you need to know. Cardamom Seed. Cardamom seeds are commonly used as a spice; it is quite expensive. Check out 30 Day Detox Diet Plan Challenge to Lose Weight instantly. Also check out the below Do's and Don'ts to maintain a healthy and natural weight loss. Super Detox Green Juice (Option 1) Serves 1. This morning juice includes a potent blend of easily digestible alkaline minerals, such as potassium. Detox Holidays. The popularity of detox holidays derives from the health benefits through good nutrition, carefully chosen treatments and well-being activities such. This 7 day detox diet is designed to kick off the detoxifying process, increase your natural resistance to illness and encourage your brain to produce feel-good. We do like that the tea has been around for years and that we located some happy customers. We have to give credit where it’s due. But, we have concerns about it because there’s no published research that says Yogi Detox tea weight- loss is a thing. Plus, we’re concerned that side effects and taste could be issues dieters won’t overcome. We’re here to give you the facts you need to make the best decision for you. If you’re looking to lose weight, we tend to lean toward tested ingredients, strong customer reviews and years of dieter support. The supplement gives you a four- ingredient proprietary blend. All clinically- tested with results often found in studies from the journal Obesity and The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition. Also, we’re so confident that you’ll love our supplement that we’re offering a Special Trial Offer, which is a good sign. Yogi Detox is a tea with several diuretics. We expected to see at least one natural laxative, but it doesn't look like there are any in the formula. The East West Tea Company is responsible for the product. Yogi Detox Tea Ingredients and Supplement Facts. Serving Size: 1 Tea Bag. Serving Per Container: 1. Amount per Serving% DVProprietary Blend of Herbs. Indian Sarsaparilla Root**- Organic Cinnamon Bark**- Organic Ginger Root**- Organic Licorice Root**- Organic Burdock Root**- Organic Dandelion Root**- Cardamom Seed**- Organic Clover Bud**- Organic Black Pepper**- Juniper Berry Extract**- Organic Long Pepper Berry**- Phellodendron Bark**- Organic Rhubarb Root**- Chinese Skullcap Root**- Coptis Root**- Forsythia Fruit**- Gardenia Fruit**- Japanese Honeysuckle Flower**- Winter Melon Seed**Other Ingredients: None. We reviewed the Yogi Detox ingredients so you could get the facts you need to know. Cardamom Seed. Cardamom seeds are commonly used as a spice; it is quite expensive. Extremely labor intensive and related to ginger, this plant is naturally grown in areas like India and is an essential aspect of Middle Eastern cuisines. What Is That Supposed to Do? Cardamom seeds are used in cooking, but it can have some health benefits in larger amounts. For example, some believe it can help protect an individual’s heart, immune system, cholesterol levels, mental health, and gastrointestinal system. Clinical Research. According to some input from doctors all over the world and published in Harvard Health Publications, cardamom can be a good way to improve cardiovascular health. However, we could not find significant information linking this ingredient to weight- loss. Rhubarb. Rhubarb is a leafy vegetable found in a variety of cuisines around the world. It is generally known for its sour taste. What Is It Supposed to Do? In medicine, rhubarb has played an important part as a laxative. These types of ingredients are not often suggested for weight- loss as the results are short- term and associated with water loss. Clinical Research. According to research published in The Journal for Nurse Practitioners, “Laxative or cathartic herbs in weight loss formulations (aloe resin, senna, cascara, rhubarb, and yellow dock) should be approached cautiously.” . The extract of the fruit is commonly used in herbal medicines. What Is It Supposed to Do? Juniper berry extract can be consumed to treat inflammation, gas, bacterial infections, viral infections, and kidney stones. It is also thought to be a diuretic. Clinical Research. In research provided by Mercer University, juniper berry extract is considered a powerful diuretic. This does not indicate any of its possible weight- loss effects, however. Forsythia Fruit. Forsythia fruit is a bright plant that grows during springtime in China. It has specifically been used it their culture’s traditional medicines. What Is It Supposed to Do? When combined with other herbal ingredients, forsythia fruit is consumed to treat respiratory infections, bronchitis, flu, and other sicknesses. Clinical Research. According to Bio. Med Research Internationa, “The results exhibited that the triterpenoids from the methanol extracts of fruits of F. It also provided evidence for the traditional uses of the fruits of F. That’s why one that’s caught our eye is Dietspotlight Burn. It contains clinically- tested ingredients and has been shown to help accelerate metabolism and ignite fat loss. Click above to learn more. Yogi Detox Tea Questions & Answers: After researching online and examining dozens of customer comments about Yogi Detox, we created this helpful FAQ. What are the side effects of Yogi? Possible Yogi Detox side effects may include stomach pains, elevated heart rate, cold sweats, nausea, headache, diarrhea, changes in menstrual cycle . While this product does contain various herbs, there is no solid clinical research to support the health claims pertaining to Yogi Detox Tea for weight- loss. Therefore it is uncertain how effective Yogi Detox actually is. How much does one box of Yogi Detox cost? One box of Yogi Detox is $4. What is Yogi Product’s BBB rating? Yogi Products is not BBB accredited. How do you take Yogi Detox? You take one to three cups of Yogi Detox per day. You simply add one or two tea bags to boiling water and allow to steep for 5- 1. After 3. 0 days, you should take a break from Yogi Detox for at least one week. Who makes Yogi? The maker of Yogi Detox is Yogi. How do I contact customer service? You can contact Yogi Products’ customer service by calling 1- 8. Yogi. Tea. Customer. Service@yogiproducts. Can I take Yogi Detox if I have a health condition? Those with health conditions, people taking prescription drugs, individuals under the age of 1. Yogi Detox. What do users like about Yogi Detox? Some customer. Can I contact Yogi Detox through social media? Yes, you can contact Yogi Detox through Facebook and Twitter. What do users LIKE about Yogi Detox Tea? Users appreciate that Yogi Detox contains all natural ingredients and this product is easy to find online. What do users NOT like about Yogi Detox Tea? Some users do not like the taste of Yogi Detox. Also, some customers have stated that Yogi Detox can lead to unpleasant side effects, including diarrhea. Does Yogi Detox cause more frequent urination? Yes, some users have stated that Yogi causes more frequent urination. Can you use Yogi Detox Tea for weight- loss? There are some experts who believe cleanses and detoxes are a good way to start a weight- loss program, but we can’t ensure that one of the Yogi Detox Tea benefits. What about Yogi Detox Tea for THC? There’s no proof you can use Yogi Detox Tea for THC. How much tea does one Yogi Detox tea bag make? One Yogi Detox teabag makes eight ounces of tea. Does Yogi Detox contain any caffeine? No, Yogi Detox does not contain any caffeine. Do you know of any special deals or discounts on Yogi? The special deals and discounts are listed on the official website. At times you can find Yogi Detox at a discounted price when you purchase six boxes at once ($2. However, the last several months have been crazy with our readers taking advantage of Dietspotlight Burn’s Special Trial Offer. Click above to learn more. Previous Yogi Detox Tea Review (Updated March 1. What You Should Know about Yogi Detox. Yogi Detox tea claims to cleanse the kidneys and liver. There are no weight loss benefits listed in the description, but some of the ingredients are commonly used in weight loss supplements. Search results for: Text "Apomorphine rotation". For d-amphetamine-induced rotation, dissolve d-amphetamine in 0.9% sterile saline and administer (i.p.). In the unilateral rat model of Parkinson's disease (PD), amphetamine induced rotation is widely used as an index of both lesion deficits and of graft-derived re. The diet was administered. Cocaine, Amphetamines and Harm Reduction. Amphetamine - Wikipedia. Amphetamine. INN: Amfetamine. Clinical data. Pronunciationi. Drug-induced rotation intensity in unilateral dopamine-depleted rats is not correlated with end point or qualitative measures of forelimb or hindlimb motor performance. E ffects of heavy particle irradiation and diet on amphetamine- and. Amphetamine Induced Rotation Diet Week 1Trade names. Adderall, Dyanavel XR, Evekeo, others. AHFS/Drugs. comamphetamine. License data. Pregnancycategory. US: C (Risk not ruled out)Dependenceliability. Physical: none. Amphetamine was discovered in 1. Amphetamine properly refers to a specific chemical, the racemicfree base, which is equal parts of the two enantiomers, levoamphetamine and dextroamphetamine, in their pure amine forms. The term is frequently used informally to refer to any combination of the enantiomers, or to either of them alone. Historically, it has been used to treat nasal congestion and depression. Amphetamine is also used as an athletic performance enhancer and cognitive enhancer, and recreationally as an aphrodisiac and euphoriant. It is a prescription drug in many countries, and unauthorized possession and distribution of amphetamine are often tightly controlled due to the significant health risks associated with recreational use. Currently, pharmaceutical amphetamine is prescribed as racemic amphetamine, Adderall. Amphetamine, through activation of a trace amine receptor, increases monoamine and excitatory neurotransmitter activity in the brain, with its most pronounced effects targeting the catecholamine neurotransmitters norepinephrine and dopamine. It induces physical effects such as decreased reaction time, fatigue resistance, and increased muscle strength. Larger doses of amphetamine may impair cognitive function and induce rapid muscle breakdown. Drug addiction is a serious risk with large recreational doses but is unlikely to arise from typical long- term medical use at therapeutic doses. Very high doses can result in psychosis (e. Recreational doses are generally much larger than prescribed therapeutic doses and carry a far greater risk of serious side effects. It is also the parent compound of its own structural class, the substituted amphetamines. As a member of the phenethylamine class, amphetamine is also chemically related to the naturally occurring trace amine neuromodulators, specifically phenethylamine and N- methylphenethylamine, both of which are produced within the human body. Phenethylamine is the parent compound of amphetamine, while N- methylphenethylamine is a positional isomer of amphetamine that differs only in the placement of the methyl group. Following presynaptic dopamine and glutamateco- release by such psychostimulants. In particular, amphetamine may decrease the effects of sedatives and depressants and increase the effects of stimulants and antidepressants. The carbon atom adjacent to the primary amine is a stereogenic center, and amphetamine is composed of a racemic 1: 1 mixture of two enantiomeric mirror images. This intermediate is then hydrolyzed using hydrochloric acid, and subsequently basified, extracted with organic solvent, concentrated, and distilled to yield the free base. The free base is then dissolved in an organic solvent, sulfuric acid added, and amphetamine precipitates out as the sulfate salt. In one example, optically pure(R)- 1- phenyl- ethanamine is condensed with phenylacetone to yield a chiral Schiff base. In the key step, this intermediate is reduced by catalytic hydrogenation with a transfer of chirality to the carbon atom alpha to the amino group. Cleavage of the benzylic amine bond by hydrogenation yields optically pure dextroamphetamine. In this route, allylbenzene is reacted acetonitrile in sulfuric acid to yield an organosulfate which in turn is treated with sodium hydroxide to give amphetamine via an acetamide intermediate. This synthetic intermediate can be transformed into amphetamine using either a Hofmann or Curtius rearrangement (method 4). The double bond and nitro group of this intermediate is reduced using either catalytic hydrogenation or by treatment with lithium aluminium hydride (method 5). USFDA contraindications are not necessarily intended to limit medical practice but limit claims by pharmaceutical companies. Amphetamine base percentage for Adderall = sum of component percentages / 4.^dose = (1 / amphetamine base percentage) . The values in this column were scaled to a 3. Due to pharmacological differences between these medications (e. This product (Dyanavel XR) is an oral suspension (i. L of amphetamine base. In Sydor A, Brown RY. Molecular Neuropharmacology: A Foundation for Clinical Neuroscience (2nd ed.). New York: Mc. Graw- Hill Medical. ISBN 9. 78. 00. 71. While physical dependence and withdrawal occur with some drugs of abuse (opiates, ethanol), these phenomena are not useful in the diagnosis of addiction because they do not occur with other drugs of abuse (cocaine, amphetamine) and can occur with many drugs that are not abused (propranolol, clonidine). Psychopharmacol. 2. PMC 3. 66. 61. 94 . PMID 2. 35. 39. 64. The intravenous use of d- amphetamine and other stimulants still pose major safety risks to the individuals indulging in this practice. Some of this intravenous abuse is derived from the diversion of ampoules of d- amphetamine, which are still occasionally prescribed in the UK for the control of severe narcolepsy and other disorders of excessive sedation. For these reasons, observations of dependence and abuse of prescription d- amphetamine are rare in clinical practice, and this stimulant can even be prescribed to people with a history of drug abuse provided certain controls, such as daily pick- ups of prescriptions, are put in place (Jasinski and Krishnan, 2. United States Food and Drug Administration. Shire US Inc. December 2. Retrieved 3. 0 December 2. In Lemke TL, Williams DA, Roche VF, Zito W. Foye's principles of medicinal chemistry (7th ed.). Philadelphia, USA: Wolters Kluwer Health/Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. ISBN 9. 78. 16. 09. The simplest unsubstituted phenylisopropylamine, 1- phenyl- 2- aminopropane, or amphetamine, serves as a common structural template for hallucinogens and psychostimulants. Amphetamine produces central stimulant, anorectic, and sympathomimetic actions, and it is the prototype member of this class (3. The phase 1 metabolism of amphetamine analogs is catalyzed by two systems: cytochrome P4. Amphetamine can also undergo aromatic hydroxylation to p- hydroxyamphetamine. Subsequent oxidation at the benzylic position by DA . Alternatively, direct oxidation of amphetamine by DA . Stereochemical course of the reaction. PMID 4. 80. 95. 26. Retrieved 6 November 2. PMC 1. 82. 86. 02 . PMID 1. 59. 22. 01. Table 5: N- containing drugs and xenobiotics oxygenated by FMO^ ab. Cashman JR, Xiong YN, Xu L, Janowsky A (March 1. PMID 1. 00. 27. 86. Dextroamphetamine. University of Alberta. February 2. 01. 3. Retrieved 5 November 2. Amphetamine. University of Alberta. February 2. 01. 3. Retrieved 5 November 2. Amphetamine. Pubchem Compound. United States National Library of Medicine – National Center for Biotechnology Information. Retrieved 1. 2 October 2. PMID 1. 21. 91. 70. Retrieved 2. 1 January 2. Onset of action: 3. Millichap JG (2. 01. In Millichap JG. Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder Handbook: A Physician's Guide to ADHD (2nd ed.). New York, USA: Springer. ISBN 9. 78. 14. 41. Table 9. 2 Dextroamphetamine formulations of stimulant medication. Dexedrine . 1. 20 (3): 6. PMID 1. 88. 24. 82. United States Food and Drug Administration. Teva Pharmaceuticals USA, Inc. October 2. 01. 5. Retrieved 1. 8 May 2. AMPHETAMINE. United States National Library of Medicine – Toxicology Data Network. Hazardous Substances Data Bank. Retrieved 5 January 2. Plasma protein binding, rate of absorption, & volumes of distribution of amphetamine isomers are similar. The biological half- life of amphetamine is greater in drug dependent individuals than in control subjects, & distribution volumes are increased, indicating that greater affinity of tissues for the drug may contribute to development of amphetamine tolerance. Concentrations of (1. C- amphetamine declined less rapidly in the plasma of human subjects maintained on an alkaline diet (urinary p. H > 7. 5) than those on an acid diet (urinary p. H < 6). Plasma half- lives of amphetamine ranged between 1. C in 2. 4 hr urine was 4. Neurotherapeutics. PMC 3. 48. 05. 74 . PMID 2. 30. 65. 65. Amphetamine Misuse: International Perspectives on Current Trends. Amsterdam, Netherlands: Harwood Academic Publishers. ISBN 9. 78. 90. 57. Retrieved 1 December 2. Amphetamine, in the singular form, properly applies to the racemate of 2- amino- 1- phenylpropane. In its broadest context, however, the term . Amphetamine. Pub. Chem Compound. United States National Library of Medicine – National Center for Biotechnology Information. November 2. 01. 6. Retrieved 9 November 2. Amphetamine. Royal Society of Chemistry. Retrieved 6 November 2. Amphetamine. Pub. Chem Compound. United States National Library of Medicine – National Center for Biotechnology Information. Retrieved 1. 3 October 2. Amphetamine. University of Alberta. February 2. 01. 3. Retrieved 1. 3 October 2. PMID 1. 89. 73. 63. IUPAC Goldbook. International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry. Archived from the original on 1. March 2. 01. 3. Retrieved 1. March 2. 01. 4. One of a pair of molecular entities which are mirror images of each other and non- superposable. In Sydor A, Brown RY. Molecular Neuropharmacology: A Foundation for Clinical Neuroscience (2nd ed.). New York, USA: Mc. Graw- Hill Medical. ISBN 9. 78. 00. 71. Therapeutic (relatively low) doses of psychostimulants, such as methylphenidate and amphetamine, improve performance on working memory tasks both in normal subjects and those with ADHD. Thus, stimulants improve performance on effortful but tedious tasks .. PMID 2. 36. 68. 65. Amphetamines and caffeine are stimulants that increase alertness, improve focus, decrease reaction time, and delay fatigue, allowing for an increased intensity and duration of training .. Physiologic and performance effects. United States Food and Drug Administration. Shire US Inc. December 2. Retrieved 3. 0 December 2. PMID 1. 64. 92. 80. United Nations Treaty Collection. |
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